For example, a San Bernardo dog weighing 80 kilos may require the same dose of sedative to a mongrel dog weighing 5 kilos. If one is guided by the prospect can make a wrong decision. With that information is not enough.

If you choose to medicate your pet, you should never use the sedative for the first time the day of the holidays. Should always be tested and now the animal’s reaction to the sedative. This will determine whether the dose is appropriate, how long it takes to make the sedative effect, how the effect will last and what effects they do. Not all pets react the same, even in some animals the sedatives have paradoxical effect: Instead of calm, are excited by ingesting a medication.

Beyond these tips, the best way to avoid the discomfort of pets in the festivities is the decline of the social use of fireworks.

Is that animals have the sense of hearing more sensitive than the human being. The typical noise resembling a firecracker, for them, the thunder, the beginning of a storm. Thus, pets think the noise of the fireworks is the beginning of a storm that did not foresee environmentally. And therefore, puts them in a situation of vulnerability and insecurity.

How to help

The behavior indicated to care for pets during the holidays is different for dogs or cats. Cats should have a safe place to wait out the time of the fireworks. For example, a cabinet in which there is nothing that can break with an unexpected reaction or objects dangerous to its own integrity.

For dogs, however, there are more options to consider. The first thing to decide is whether left alone or not.

If you decide to leave it alone, do not tie it or leave it where it may be damaged. For example, terraces with skylights, terraces or balconies where there is a low railing, rooms glazed areas with potentially dangerous objects (tools, sharp objects, cutting, lamps and bottles).

However, if the owner decides to take him to another house not to be overprotective of manifestations of fear of the animal. It’s good to be indifferent because the animal thinks, “if my alpha wolf scared me when I have pets, it’s okay to be afraid. But if he shows indifference, means no danger.”

This does not mean that you should not pay attention, but let’s not exaggerate. It is preferable to indifference to overacting.

credit to: Dr. Romero

To prevent deficiencies we must ensure our pet a varied diet. Cereals and seeds included in the compounds and hay, used to meet the needs of carbohydrates and fiber. The fruit and vegetables to help meet their needs for vitamins and much of the liquid required.

It is very important to remember that guinea pigs, being creatures of habit, not very tolerant of changes in presentation, taste, smell, texture or form of their food and water.

Any change in the food if necessary, should be done gradually, as the rejection of a particular food or guinea pig by the same sudden change in your diet can lead to illness.

The feed (it’s about 63% of their diet)
There are many feeds on the market and many brands, such as Cunipic, Vitalkraft, Novopet, Friskies, etc … The choice of one or another and depend on you.

Some guinea pig owners, for convenience or economy, the compounds fed rabbit, hamster or similar, thinking they are equivalent to compounds of guinea pigs, but this is not so!.

Unlike most mammals (including rabbits), guinea pigs require a high level of vitamin C, but their body does not naturally occurring and, therefore, receive their food.

The compounds for guinea pigs generally contain 18-20% protein, 16% fiber and about one gram of vitamin C per kilogram of ration.

As a general rule, you should fill the trough of our guinea pig every two days or so since, it is desirable that the guinea pig is used to make most of the compound to be used, otherwise you could choose best elements of the compound more you like and discard the rest.

The Hay (It is approximately 20% of their dietary needs)
Our guinea pig should always have available this great element of his Diet. principle, we should put limits on the time to provide hay to guinea pigs.

For this reason, do not bathe your hamster as hygiene routine because the hair is coated hamsters by a thin layer of fat and washing could be eliminated and be exposed to cold and diseases such as colds, as they are very prone to this.

If you were to bathe need (for example if you have left out of the cage and soiled much), bathe with warm water immediately after the bath and wrap it with a towel to prevent any flow of air and the hamster catch cold. Then you can brush your hair with a brush Specs for them or in their absence, with a toothbrush that is soft.

If you own a rabbit must know that the house where you have to be big enough for them to play, run, stand and move his muscles because these pets are very restless if they have room to move the muscles it will atrophy and die soon.

So take them out regularly is a good idea of ​​the cage to run free, yes, without losing sight. In addition, the cage should be cleaned regularly as they are very sensitive to infections and in fact even the smell of their own arina’s can get sick. Similarly, the temperatures of their habitat should be moderate, the ends will make a lot of damage.

On the other hand, food is essential for your rabbit look and be healthy. Their digestion is very sensitive, so you should be very aware. Fresh water will not be missed at any time. The container for rodents shall be clean, that does not develop fungus.

While you have less than four months is recommended only give them hay and rabbit food that the vet tells you to. Then as they grow, they gradually phased national diet based on vegetables, such as apple, broccoli, cauliflower, carrots and cabbage. When you begin to give this diet, it is important to be aware if it causes flatulence.

Vegetables should be completely dry, because moisture will cause indigestion and nausea. Make sure you give extra calcium in the form of lock, will help them in their nutrition and the filing of the teeth.

There are several foods that are very harmful to rabbits. We can mention, for example, lettuce or potatoes, as they are heavy to digest and can have toxic elements such as chemicals or slugs. Similarly, should not be fed with bread fresh even as it can marry a process of fermentation in the stomach and may even kill the bunny. Neither should be given any food containing artificial fat.

Apart from food and habitat must take into account several factors. If your rabbit pup came to be, it is good that after four months it meets the wall on his back a desparacitador you get in the veterinary. Do not touch eyes, nose or mouth, so it is not recommended that TQE legs.

If you want to bathe your rabbit, but not completely monks that only in very dirty parts. Use a shampoo for rodents especal completely dry and remember to keep chilled. To remove the crusts, use a damp cloth and do it regularly.

Finally, it is important to remember that rabbits love to make them dear, but any dealings with them must be very delicate as they are very nervous and afraid, or too much stress can even cause death. Be sure there are dogs around, and not worry about the cats.

The heights do not like, nor have the legs in the air or be supported on soft surfaces, so always try to keep their feet flat on surfaces sufficiently firm.

Rabbits can be very special and like all animal also require basic care much love to be happy. So Give them enough time to love and not feel abandoned.

A well-behaved dog under control and not causing problems, and becomes an animal that gives great satisfaction. Praise and pet your dog does something right if you can even give it some food as a reward. Rhinal always do something wrong with a strong “NO”. If “NO” is not enough correction (not impressed) must be accompanied by something more filling like a dry stretch of the belt.

It is very important that both praise and corrections are made at the exact moment of the action. Just at the moment of action and not minutes or even seconds later, because the puppy no longer associated with.

All puppies like to chew things, including the sleeves, pants, hands, etc.. When you do this seriously rhinal “NO” and immediately offer an acceptable alternative to direct their desire to chew, a toy, a teether, etc, to avoid unwanted accidents.

Accustom your puppy that allows you all kinds of manipulations: take it in her arms, holding one leg, holding his head, examine your mouth, etc.. It is normal at first struggle and protest, but must be firm and not give up until he calms down and yield.

It is very important to maintain the health of our animals to eat a balanced diet: one that meets its energy needs and provides the proper nutrients.

Ideally, consume dry food, adapted to each stage of growth and every need.

Energy requirements vary according to:

- Age, race, sex
- Activity Level
- Reproductive status
- Environment
- Health status or disease

HYGIENE

BATHROOMS: The dog must be clean at all times they live with us, the best way to keep your health without altering their skin is daily brushing. The frequency of bathing will depend on the needs based on race, hair type, skin pathology, generally should not be less than a month (about a fortnight in some long-haired breeds).

BRUSH: Get used since childhood, the frequency will depend on the type of hair but we do it every day.

EARS: There are specific products are thrown into the canal, massages and cleans the ear with gauze.

MOUTH: Very important in small breed puppies are more likely to accumulate plaque. Important to give a feed-based diet, regular check-ups at the vet and why not, teeth brushing with specific products from time to time. Everything is getting used to. If you already have an accumulation of tartar, to do a dental cleaning at the vet.

NAILS: In dogs that do not wear it should be cut, especially the dewclaws.

EDUCATION

Dogs are social animals and hierarchical, which is why dogs need, from puppies, know and accept their “place” within the herd (human family).

The behavior of dogs is a combination of instinct and learning. Dogs learn by “trial and error.” Positively reinforced behavior tends to repeat and non-reinforced behavior tends to disappear. They do something and if the result is pleasing to them, tend to repeat the action – if the result is unpleasant probably not repeat.

The use of positive reinforcement (rewards, petting, games, food …) is essential to teach your dog to behave properly.

Socialization

The socialization of puppies is the fundamental basis for the development of a healthy temperament of the dog. The critical period of socialization extends roughly from 3-4 weeks at 12-14 weeks of age.

This socialization is to be worn out with people of all ages, other animals and of course with other dogs. The most important reason to encourage play between puppies is to practice canine communication.

We also need to teach and familiarize our puppies with situations “less pleasant” for the breed. For example, they will learn the management and physical examinations will be necessary in the dog’s life. It is in the first months of life when we can teach the puppy not only to tolerate if not enjoy the physical contact with their owners and other humans.

A puppy is fully capable of learning all the basic obedience behaviors. It is important to teach from the beginning the rules of coexistence that we also respect adults.

If you want a successful mounts we recommend that you take your dog to the vet, when bleeding occurs, to do a vaginal smear and determine the best days for the cross-the vet takes a sample of cells from the vagina and examines the microscope to identify the stage of the cycle that is the dog.

The male can be an evaluation of semen for quality assurance and ensure that the mating is successful. Semen evaluates the amount of ejaculate, pH, the sperm migrate together in one direction and not in circles than most that this malformation and the number of sperm per milliliter.

It may sound unromantic sophisticated procedure. However, it is important to know this information before concluding that the dog is not allowed to ride because the lover did not like and lose the opportunity to have puppies at home.

The ideal age to cross your dog. During the first heat your dog is experiencing hormonal changes still to complete their growth, so it is best to cross from the second heat. It is recommended that the dog has completed the picture of vaccination and parasite control, to transmit the necessary immunity to their puppies and they, in turn, develop greater resistance to disease until he begins his painting of preventive medicine.

Some tips for cruising. It may be that the amount can not be normally because either dogs is inexperienced, aggressive or she has a small vulva. In these cases the best option is artificial insemination, the semen is collected from the male and deposited directly into the vagina of the female.

It is common after mating has output discharge from the vulva, because your dog may have an allergy to semen of some dogs or because excessive volume of ejaculation. To avoid this, raise your dog’s hindquarters to prevent the escape of semen.

More and more households adopt this pet, thanks to two qualities that characterize it: independent and clean. However, there are some things to consider:

Cats tend to be a reservoir of the parasite, Toxoplasma gondii. This parasite does not brings any complications at home except a pregnant woman can get this disease, and eventually transmit toxoplasmosis to the fetus.

Cats spread the parasite (Toxoplasma gondii) in your stool and contaminate the soil that serves as a reservoir of infection for extended periods.

People can acquire the parasite through contact with soil or plants, or eat some contaminated food (meat undercooked, because the cow may eat contaminated grass).To prevent this disease should wear gloves when working in the garden with plants or clean cat litter boxes. Pregnant women should avoid eating improperly cooked meat.

Another relatively common disease is cat scratch disease.

It is caused by Bartonella henselae. Usually transmitted to babies and cats they are the most frequently infected. Always there is the history of the child was in contact with kittens, raised them, that is, having had close contact or occasionally the kitten scratches or bitten, or licked an open wound.

The disease can occur in children with prolonged fever without other cause, accompanied by headache and malaise. Nodes may also occur in a particular area of ​​the body.

This disease has very good performance and self-limited so there is no need to restrict contact with cats. Just check that the animal does not have fleas and not favor the contact of puppies cats for lack of care are more likely to get sick.

Dogs

Our best and most faithful friend, if not periodically checked with our veterinarian, we also can cause some headaches.

Dogs, especially puppies, are likely to have parasites such as giardia, tapeworms canine, the Toxocara canis. These parasites are transmitted through the faecal – oral, that is, children may occasionally touching feces or tails of dogs and then touching their mouth, so the dogs parasites enter the body of children and produce from a few or no symptoms until diarrhea, perianal irritation, itching or abdominal pain.

Young children are at higher risk as they tend to put everything in their mouth. To prevent this situation it is better to take the dogs, especially puppies, wormed and accustom children to wash their hands before eating or back of the seats. The adult must sanitize the hands of young children regularly.

Another disease that dogs can transmit is scabies. This can occur through direct contact with a sick dog in the skin, so for any injury that we have our pets go to the vet.

In older children, helps develop a sense of responsibility and respect for another being. In addition, they can share experiences enjoyable because, in many cases, pets are his first friends and allies.

But nevertheless, it is important that pets prior to entering our home, make a visit to the vet regularly check that preventing the spread of some diseases transmitted from animals to humans, called zoonoses.

These diseases can be acquired through insect vectors, food and direct and indirect contact animals.There are situations where it is risky to have animals, such is the case of children with immunodeficiencies (really low defenses) are more prone to all kinds of diseases. Have also discouraged reptiles (snakes and the like) in households with children under 5 years for risk of salmonella (bacteria).

Zoonoses are caused by viruses, bacteria, parasites and fungi, some are outstanding like the plague or rabies and are more common as cat scratch disease.

The route of transmission is usually by direct contact or fecal-oral route, ie through touching contaminated food or through contact with feces (poop) in the squares and then put his hand to his mouth. The curiosity of children puts them at higher risk of infection compared with adolescents and adults.